Access Control System (ACS): what it is, how it works, application

To monitor and regulate who visits the territory of an enterprise, hotel or residential complex, use an access control system (ACS). This is a set of equipment, united in a single network, which provides security. Let's take a look at how ACS works and how this system is used.

How the access control system works

The access control system includes such devices:

• The controller stores data about employees, their login information, etc. Standalone systems manage multiple access points. Networked ACSs are configured through a computer.
• Identifiers with a unique code that is imprinted on the readable element of the card. These are keys to enter and exit a specific area according to how the system is programmed.
• Readers are installed at access points near gates or doors. This could be the main entrance to a business premises, a department in an office or a workshop in a factory. Readers can be contact, when you need to attach a chip or swipe a card. Contactless models are available.
• Barrier devices - turnstiles, locks, electrically driven gates, etc. If the visitor has not been identified, the system will not let him through.
• RTE exit buttons for employees to leave the premises. Used when it is not necessary to record that a user of a particular ID has left a department or office.
• Reed switches or door sensors that control the position of the door: open or closed.

The most diverse modifications of all the presented devices are in the reader. It can be of these types:

• touch memory technology;
• contactless pass device through a bracelet, key fob, electronic card;
• magnetic card reader;
• digital panel for data entry;
• biometric reader of retina, fingerprint, face parameters.

One identifier or key fob can open access to several rooms in the enterprise. It can be intended only for a specific office, laboratory, warehouse or workshop. Entry authorization can be permanent or one-time, depending on how the ID is programmed.

ACSs are very easy to use. The visitor brings the ID to the reader, the controller determines if the user has access rights. If so, the gate or lock on the door opens.

Possibilities of the access control system

Access control systems are installed for such tasks:

• Control of access to a certain territory of employees, transportation or customers. Thanks to this, outsiders will not be where they have no right to be.
• Accurate recording of working hours of employees. The system controller saves data when each ID holder came and went.
• Some types of ACS can be combined with CCTV, fire alarms, and other devices.

An access control system does not require a large amount of energy to operate. The devices included in the network last a long time. If the system consists of a large number of access points and multifunctional elements, service maintenance will be required.