Motor pump: what it is, types, applications

A motor pump differs from other pumps by the fact that it has a high suction power. It pumps clean or dirty water, runs on a gasoline, diesel or electric engine. Its work activates the pumping element - a diaphragm or impeller.

Types of motor-pumps

The type of design of the unit is chosen according to its purpose:

• Centrifugal pumps are used for clean and slightly contaminated water. From the rotation of the blades there is a centrifugal force, which drives the motor pump to work.
• Diaphragm pumps are suitable for viscous and polluted liquids. The unit draws water into the working chamber with a vacuum and pushes it into the discharge area as the working chamber shrinks.

Motor pumps for chemicals are designed to pump aggressive media such as acids or alkalis. The internal coating of stainless steel pipes does not interact with the contents, does not oxidize it.

Mud pumps

Such equipment is characterized by the following characteristics:

• The ability to pump liquid with solid particles in the size of about 25 mm.
• Easy access to the pumping part to quickly remove debris.
• High capacity.
• Inlet and outlet diameters are 50 and 100 mm.

Mud pumps often have quad motors. They are stable and do not require the preparation of oil and gasoline mixture. The pumped contents of the pipes by temperature should not exceed 50 degrees.

Motor-pumps for clean or slightly contaminated water

Such units come in two types:

• Low-pressure motor pumps with a two-stroke gasoline engine. They pump water with particles no larger than 5 mm. The units are compact, mobile, productivity is low. They are used at dachas and in small private households.
• High-pressure or fire pump with a four-stroke gasoline or diesel engine can transmit water horizontally for long distances. They have a high capacity. Suitable for watering areas away from wells or ponds, pumping water from large swimming pools.

Key characteristics of motor pumps

Choosing a pump, first of all determine the purpose of the unit and what type of liquid it is designed for. In addition, the following factors are taken into account:

• Capacity - how many cubic meters of water the motor pump pumps per hour. Fuel consumption increases with increasing power: low-power models - 2 liters per hour, high-power - 4-5 liters per hour. If the liquid needs to rise to a greater height, the capacity will drop by 30-40% of the stated in the passport.
• Lifting height is the distance to which the unit can lift the liquid. If 25 m is specified, this is the distance upwards that the pump can deliver the contents from the level where it is installed.
• Suction depth is the level from which the pump can lift water from the source into the system. If 5 m is specified, then there should be no more than 5 m from the level where the pump stands to the reservoir. The most suitable range is 2-2.5 m.
• The diameter of the outlet and the outlet hole - 50, 75, 100 mm.

Use of motor pumps

The units are used for such tasks:

• Supplying water from a well or reservoir on the land.
• Dewatering flooded basements, land.
• Pumping the contents of cesspools down to mushy sludge. Diaphragm pumps are suitable for this.
• Pumping high concentration fertilizers. Stainless steel units are used.

Motor pumps as a special kind of pumps work with clean or dirty water due to high power. Independence of the equipment from electricity allows its use where there are no communications - in the fields, in vegetable gardens.