Drilling wells for water: how does it happen, methods and features

There are several ways to drill a well. It is desirable to know the quality of water before this. For this purpose, a test drilling by percussion technology is carried out. They use a drill rod, a shell and casing. The maximum depth for testing is 50 meters. When the hole is made, a filter with a lance-shaped tip is installed and the water is taken for analysis. Let's look at the most common ways to drill permanent wells.

Manual drilling of water wells

It is possible to make a well manually, if its maximum depth of 30 m will be enough. You will need a winch, casing pipe, rod and drill head. It is necessary to drill only to the beginning of the aquifer. If you need to go deeper than 30 meters, you cannot do without a drilling tower.

Follow these steps:

• The tower is placed over the point of drilling, higher than the rod is installed.
• In the soil dug a recess under the drill.
• Installation of the drill is not easy, it is better to carry out with a partner.
• The drill is sunk by about 50 cm, then it is cleared and continue the work until the groundwater level is reached.

Auger drilling

This is the most effective method of creating a well for water. The working tool is a metal screw or drill rod with blades and a sharp head. It plunges easily into the soil. When the screw rises, it carries the soil on its blades. This drilling technique is easier than others because there is no need to remove soil from the working tool. If there is a hard rock formation in the way of the auger, you will have to drill in another place.

Rotary drilling

In rotary drilling, a special rig with a pipe, shaft and bit is used. This method is suitable when it is necessary to drill a deep hole of 50 m or more in hard soils. It is possible to drill a hole with a diameter of up to 2 meters. Rotary drilling is performed even on hard rock. Then a powerful motor and a high-strength bit are needed.

A hydraulic unit activates the rotation of the bit. In the process, the soil is removed with drilling mud, which is fed through the system's borehole from top to bottom. The liquid with the dissolved soil comes out through the space behind the pipe.

Since a constant supply of water to the rotary drilling rig is needed, it is used in frosty weather. If it is impossible to provide water supply, this technology can not be used.

percussion drilling

In this kind of drilling will require a bottom-hole or metal pipe, a tool to remove the soil. The work is carried out according to the following steps:

• Mount the tower of steel pipes or logs in the form of a tripod. It must be longer than the mining camp at 150 m.
• The face must have a cutting edge at the end.
• A rope is fixed to the top of the sleeve. By adjusting it, the cup is lowered into the ground.
• The cup is periodically cleaned from the ground.

Impact-channel drilling wells are used on sandy soils. In this way you can make a well to a small depth. This is a labor-intensive technology.

Which method of drilling to choose depends on the type of soil, the depth of the aquifer. A drilling specialist can help you make the necessary analysis and decide on the type of rig.