Auto electrics of a modern car: what it includes, features and what you need to know

In a modern car, almost all functions depend on the work of the electrics. It feeds the parts and transmits signals to them from the control system. Auto electrics can be called the «nervous system» of transport. There are many colored wires departing from the main dashboard of the car. They lead to the parts and assemblies of the car, pass through the hood and are distributed throughout the interior in the case under the trim.

Tasks of the auto electrics

The main function is to start the engine and keep it running steadily. In addition, auto electrics are involved in the operation of other car systems from the windows and lock to the audio system and on-board computer. This automates control, increases comfort and safety. 

Elements of car electrics:

• The battery, which activates the start of the motor and the generator - the source of further power to the car.
• Starter, pumps, window lifters, etc. - devices that power the systems.
• Candles, ignition coils, distributor, electronic control units ensure the appearance of the spark when starting the engine.
• Gauges and sensors detect coolant temperature, oil pressure and fuel level. In the event of a malfunction they give a signal to the corresponding indicator or block the machine.
• Switches, electrical wiring, transmit power to all elements of the system.
• Lamps in the cabin, headlights.
• Heated seats, air conditioning and heating for driver and passenger comfort.
• Parktronic, airbag.

Attached is a general wiring diagram, which helps to understand the arrangement of auto electrics on the car. This diagram is carefully studied by each auto electrician before starting work.

What you need to know

The modern car works stably only when the electrics are in good working order. Therefore, its condition is monitored as carefully as the «health» of the motor:

• Carry out regular diagnostics in the service centers.
• At the first signals of failure contact a specialist to avoid more serious damage.
• Install only quality parts that meet the original specifications.

Whether there is a malfunction in the auto electrics, first of all, shows the state of the dashboard when starting the motor. When the engine is ignited, it should light up with lights. When the engine is running, the malfunction indicators should not light up. If there is a smell of burning in the cabin when driving, you should immediately stop the car and remove the terminals from the battery. Then call a tow truck to take the car to a service station to be inspected by an auto electrician.

Often defects occur in the sensors, broken contacts of wires, battery terminals and other devices and parts. The starter, engine control system and fuel fluid supply also often fail and need to be checked regularly.

The driver can repair the car's electrics himself, if he is an expert in car electrics and is equipped with all the necessary tools. Without experience, it is not recommended to start diagnosing and repairing. This can lead to a more serious electrical malfunction, failure of other parts and an emergency situation. Auto electrical repair services are available at most service stations.