From phishing to data leaks: key cyber threats to organizations

Cyberattacks can cause serious damage, and it is not only large businesses that are at risk. Attackers are hunting for data, money, and even a company's reputation. Some attack methods are simple and rely on human carelessness, while others are complex and require serious protection. Let's take a look at the most common types of cyber threats

Phishing: a trap for employees

Phishing is one of the most common methods of deception. Fraudsters send emails or messages containing viruses or spyware that look like official notifications from a bank, partner, or even company management. If a person clicks on the link or enters their data, the fraudsters gain access to the system.

Most often, phishing attacks include the following techniques:

• Fake emails asking you to change your password urgently.
• Messages with “important documents” in suspicious attachments.
• Fake websites that copy real services.
• Phone calls asking you to provide confidential information.

To protect themselves, companies train their employees and set up security systems that block suspicious emails. However, the human factor remains a weak point, and fraudsters continue to find new ways to deceive. It is important to inform employees about new types of cyberattacks and fraud and teach them how to respond.

Data leaks: a problem that costs millions

Data leaks can occur both due to the actions of hackers and through the fault of the employees themselves. Sometimes information leaks online due to an accidental error, but there are also cases of deliberate leaks of confidential information. As a result, the business loses money, customer trust, and may face legal problems.

The main causes of leaks are:

• Hackers breaking into databases.
• Errors in the security system.
• Loss or theft of devices containing important information.
• Negligence on the part of employees who send data to the wrong recipient.

To protect the company, data is encrypted, access is controlled, and the security system is regularly checked. They also update programs in a timely manner. But even the most reliable measures do not provide a 100% guarantee if employees do not follow basic information security rules.

Malware: a hidden threat in files and programs

Malicious programs can enter the system through emails, flash drives, or even ordinary websites. It spies on users, steals data, or blocks the company's work, demanding a ransom for restoring access. Common types of malware:

• Ransomware that encrypts files and demands money to unlock them.
• Spyware that collects passwords and other personal information.
• Trojans that create loopholes for hackers within the system.
• Bots that turn infected computers into part of a network of attackers.

ITIL methodology: a systematic approach to data protection

The ITIL methodology is used to comprehensively manage IT services and minimize the risks associated with cyberattacks. It helps organize information protection processes, control incidents, and respond to threats. ITIL has a separate Information Security Management process that includes data protection, risk monitoring, and measures to prevent leaks. Using this methodology in combination with technical protection measures and employee training allows businesses to build a more robust cybersecurity system.

To protect itself, a business uses antivirus software, monitoring systems, and strict rules for installing programs. However, without regular security updates and careful attention to suspicious files, the risk of infection remains high. Cyber threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and businesses must protect themselves by all means available. Technical measures, employee training, and data access control help minimize risks. But it is important to remain vigilant and keep an eye on new attack methods.